What decides our taste?

Now, let's talk about food. 

OK. What food do youu love? What food do you hate? If you ask around, you'll soon see there's no right or wrong answer- it's all q question of taste. 

But our taste, it turns out, isn't simply a matter of opinion. Rather, scientists have discovered that taste is influenced by our genes and DNA. So, in this programme, we'll be asking, what is taste?

Why can't we agree on it? And is it worth listening to experts whose job is to tell us what to eat and drink? And, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well. 

Great, bur first I have a question for you, Beth. A good way of finding out about British tastes is with the nation's best-loved snack, crisps. So, what is the most popular flavour of crisps in the UK? Is it:

a) salt and vinegar   b) cheese and onion     or  c) prawn cocktail?

I'm going to guess cheese and onion. 

OK, Beth. I'll reveal the answer later in the programme. Science's understanding of how taste works started only 25 years ago with the discovery of taste receptors, cells located in the taste buds on your tongue. 

But people's taste is unique to them. What tastes sweet to me, might taste sour or salty to someone else, and this is because of differences in the receptors we're born with. In other words, taste is partly genetic. Here's Danielle Reed, researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in PHiladelphia explaining more to BBC World Service programme,  'The Food Chain':

...when we first started doing genetic studies, we really just confined ourselves to looking at a few Europeans, people of European ancestry. And so, our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet was extremely limited. We are boradening our horizons and studying people of Asian and African ancestryh, and that has really opened up the knowledge that people are much more diverse than we ever realized...

And waht you're saying is, " No, taste isn't a matter of opinion, it's a matter of biology".

Exactly and we wouldn't... you know, for our friends who are color-blind, we wouldn't chastise them for not being able to see red or for dressing in colors we don't appreciate, but we feel very free to criticize our friend's sense of taste. 

It was only when scientists looked outside Europe to the rest of the world that they realized the diversity of human taste. Danielle says they broadened theri horizons, they investigated something in a new way to increase their knowledge and understanding of it. 

Danielle compares taste to another genetically controlled condition, being color-blind or unable to see the difference between certain colors like green and red. You wouldn't chastise- criticize or punish- someone for being color-blind, so why criticize someone's taste?

But if scientists are telling us taste is largely genetic, what about restaurant critics and wine connoisseurs, people whose job it is to tell us what to eat and drink? Are their opinions any better than our own? Here's David Kemode, wine judge for the Interantional Wine and Spirits Competition, speaking with Ruth Alexander for BBC World Service's. 'The Food Chain':

Scientists have established that taste is individual and to a large extent actually genetic. So I wonder, does that render the wine competition a pointless exercise?

No, I mean, I would say that wouldn't I? But of course, individual taste is subjective. We all have our own personal prejudices in whatever sphere of life you want to go into, but we are encouraged, I mean ordered almost, to park those prejudices.